.md .pdf

Contents

Practice: Rubinstein Bargaining Game

We will create a Rubinstein Bargaining Game with follwing properties:

• The pie to bargain on: 100 ECU

• Two players: One proposes, one accepts/rejects

• If the responder accept the proposal, they recieve the relevant amount. If not in the next round:

  • They swith roles

  • The pie dimnishes by 25 ECU

• If there is no agreement, the game stops after the 4th round. (When the total pie is over)

• In our game we will have two separate games. The players play the game twice with different partners.

Planning the game

Pages

Page	Description
MatchInfo	Display informaiton about matching
Offer	Proposer offers an amout between 0 and 100
WaitOffer	Responder waits
Response	Responder accepts or rejects the offer
WaitResponse	Proposer waits
Results	They will both see whether it is accepted or not
FinalResults	They will see the final payoffs

Variables in models.py

Variable	Description	Scope	Field/Type
players_per_group	(built-in) Number of players in group	Constants
num_rounds	(built-in) Number of rounds	Constants
initial pie	Initial amount to divide	Constants	Currency c()
dimnisihing	The amount of pie dimnishes each round	Constants	Currency c()
role	"proposer" or "responder"	Player	Method returning string
offer	The amount offered by proposer	Group	CurrencyField
sent_back_amount	The response of responder "accept" or "reject"	Group	CurrencyField
current_pie	Current size (undimnished part) of the pie	Group	CurrencyField

Building the game

Constants

We start by defining constants in our models.py. Nothing tricky there:

    name_in_url = 'rubinstein'
    players_per_group = 2
    num_rounds = 8

    initial_pie = c(100)
    dimnishing = c(25)

Group variables

• We define the variables in models.py as we planned:

class Group(BaseGroup):
    offer = models.CurrencyField(min=0, label = "How much would you like to offer?")
    response = models.StringField(choices = ["accept", "reject"], label = "Please tell your response",)
    current_pie = models.CurrencyField()

Note that we didn’t define the maximum offer because as the pie decreases each round, we should define it dynamically. For this purpose we should create a method called offer_max. oTree recognizes the format FIELDNAME_max so, it runs the method when the page is loaded and submitted and checks whether the input is valid. (See Forms - Determining form fields dynamically for details.)

We define it by this method in Group class:

    def offer_max(self):
        self.current_pie = Constants.initial_pie - ((self.round_number -1) % 4 )* Constants.dimnishing
        return self.current_pie

Matching

• We have a particular matching structure:

  • Players will be grouped randomly in round 1

  • They will play with the same partner until the pie dimnishes (4 rounds)

  • They will be matched with another partner in round 5

This can be done with the group_randomly() and group_like_round() methods in Subsession class in models.py.

class Subsession(BaseSubsession):
    def creating_session(self):
        if self.round_number in [1,5]:
            self.group_randomly()
        else:
            self.group_like_round(self.round_number -1)

        print(self.get_group_matrix()) # Here we add the print statement so we can actually see it.

Roles

We want roles to be switched in each round, ie, the player who was the proposer should be the responder in the second round (if exists) and proposer again in the third round and so on. We can rely on id_in_group attribute in Player class. So:

class Player(BasePlayer):
    def role(self):
        if self.round_number % 2 == 1:
            return {1: 'proposer', 2: 'responder'}[self.id_in_group]
        else:
            return {2: 'proposer', 1: 'responder'}[self.id_in_group]

Here we use the modulus operator (%) which lets us to check if the round number is even or odd.

So far we are done with the models.py for the basic functionality. We will return here later.

Pages

First we create the pages with form input:

Offer page

class Offer(Page):
    form_model = 'group'
    form_fields = ['offer']

    def is_displayed(self):
        return self.player.role() == 'proposer'
        
        
class Response(Page):
    form_model = 'group'
    form_fields = ['response']


    def is_displayed(self):
        return self.player.role() == 'responder'

These pages has nothing particular except the display condition is_diplayed for each role. And we add the rest of the pages with even less input.

class WaitOffer(WaitPage):
    pass


class WaitResponse(WaitPage):
    pass


class Results(Page):
    pass
    ```
    
And we add the page sequence:

page_sequence = [Offer, WaitOffer, Response, WaitResponse, Results]

Matching with Roles Advanced Grouping